The experiments in this laboratory exercise will provide an introduction to. The zener breakdown voltage is the minimum reverse biased voltage below which the diode blocks the reverse. Experiments were performed with sinusoidal driving frequencies of 10 mhz to 1. To investigate basic powersupplies concepts such as rectification, filtering, and regulation. Fix the load resistance value by using load resistance slider. An equation that models the iv characteristic of a nonideal diode is shown below. Arrange the sliding contact of the rheostat to minimum. Diode iv characteristics contents that should be delivered for every report. However, their iv characteristics are very different. Sometimes it is also called as photodetector, a light detector, and photosensor. Diode iv characteristics the iv graph for a nonideal diode is shown in figure 2, along with an ideal approximation to accommodate the nonzero threshold voltage. From the photo diode characteristics it is seen clearly that the photo current is almost independent of applied reverse bias voltage.
Each diode was investigated by plotting the iv curve using a precision sourcemeasurement unit b2902a and a laptop with the corresponding quick iv measurement software installed. Photodiode working principle, characteristics and applications a photodiode is a pnjunction diode that consumes light energy to produce electric current. To analyze the input and output characteristics and to. The output currentvoltage characteristic curve for a photovoltaic cell for different input intensities and the conditions for optimum power transfer to an external load. Photodiodes operate by absorption of photons or charged particles and generate a. A typical damper will include a capacitor, diode, and resistor with some also having a dc battery. This is to compensate for the damage that occurs in the case of a pn junction diode when the reverse bias exceeds the breakdown voltage and thereby.
We have also learned about diffusion current, depletion region, drift current and barrier potential. The polarity of the voltage source is such that the photodiode is reversed biased. Characteristics in chapter 1 understanding the pn junction, we have seen how a pn junction is formed from a ptype and ntype semiconductor. Using a photodiode as part of a experiment in optocoupler. Jan 02, 2019 we are going to learn about an experiment to find out the zener breakdown voltage and draw the characteristics of zener diode. Zener diode is a pn junction diode specially designed to operate in. To characterize a rectifier diode and a zener diode. For zero luminance the photo current is almost zero except for small dark current. Now, gently move the rheostat contact to provide a positive bias voltage. Zener doide is a special diode with increased amounts of doping. Plot forward and reverse characteristics using the abovetabulated values. All accessible pdf documents have the following five characteristics.
Photodiode working principle, characteristics and applications. Dec 16, 2012 how we know in this experiment we find many type of rectifier such as halfwave rectifier circuit like in figure 5. We use zener diodes for voltage regulation and voltage stabilisation. Experiment 16 the pn junction university college dublin. It is a silicon or germanium pn junction diode which is photosensitive in. Is reverse saturation current, n diode ideality factor, rs series resistance and gp shunt conductance. Jan 21, 2019 vi characteristics of pn junction diode. Light energy can be considered in terms of photons or packets of light. Photodiode characteristics and applications silicon photodiodes are semiconductor devices responsive to highenergy particles and photons.
Experiment 6, photodiode and phototransistor current. The pn junction is a versatile element, which can be used as a. A zener diode is a special kind of diode which allows current to flow in the forward direction in the same manner as an ideal diode, but will also permit it to flow in the. If you are having trouble reading a particular pdf document, you can experiment. Vi characteristics of pn junction diode in 3biasing modes. To get familiar with working knowledge of the following instruments. An experiment to profile the voltage, current and temperature behaviour of a pn diode.
Clampers are easily distinguished from clippers in that they include a capacitive element. If you find these terms foreign, just read the chapter about understanding the pn junction. You diodes will use the bit bucket breadboarding system to build and test several dc and ac diode circuits. The pn junction diode is a twoterminal device, which is formed when one side of the pn junction diode is made with ptype and doped with the ntype material.
Definition ptype semiconductor is suitably joined to ntype semiconductor,to conduct surface is called pn junction. This causes electrons from nregion to get attracted to positive terminal of the battery and holes by the negative terminal. Jan, 2015 pn junction diode characteristics lab expriment 1. To plot the characteristic curves for the zener diode and hence to determine knee and breakdown voltage.
A zener diode is a diode which allows current to flow in the forward direction in the same manner as an ideal diode, but will also permit it to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value known as the breakdown voltage. In nonfully depleted photodiodes, however, all three factors contribute to the response time. It is therefore important to select an apd with spectral response. In forward bias condition, current is constant until certain voltage is reached. Diode characteristics 2012 summary this experiment was set up to investigate the different properties and characteristics of several different types of diode. It is clear that idg increases as the reverse voltage rises. Experiment no 1 pn junction diode characteristics youtube. A pn junction is the metallurgical boundary between the n and pregions of a semiconductor crystal. We have seen in a previous experiment that the resistance of both a photodiode and a phototransistor changes as the intensity of the light hitting the device varies. For a constant base drive the curve shows a positive slope with increasing voltage. The vi characteristics of a diode can be forward or reverse. Change the rheostat value from maximum to 0 by the interval 100.
Pdf an experiment to profile the voltage, current and temperature. When a photon of sufficient energy enters the depletion region of a semiconductor diode, it may strike an atom with sufficient energy to release the electron from the atomic structure. The graph showing the forward bias voltage and forward current is known as the forward characteristics, and that showing the reverse bias voltage and reverse current is known as the reverse characteristics. Voltampere vi characteristics of a pn junction or semiconductor diode is the curve between voltage across the junction and the current through the circuit.
An experiment to measure the ivcharacteristics of a silicon. To verify the vi characteristics of pn junction diode and zener diode. The model circuit is a driven diode terminated transmission line with the transmission line impedance mismatched to that of the source. Pdf a simple method is presented for determining the four diode. They are also called pn diodes in analogy with vacuum diodes. Photodiode, voltmeter 010volt, miliammeter, variable dc source010 volt, wiresleads. A zener diode is a special kind of diode which allows current to flow in the forward direction in the same manner as an ideal diode, but will also permit it to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is above a certain value known as the breakdown voltage, zener knee. Pdf this paper describes an experiment that studies the effect of diode temperature and excitation current on forward diode voltage. Vi characteristics of pn junction diode electronics post.
Normally the voltage is taken along the xaxis and current along yaxis. The circuit diagram to plot the vi characteristics of a zener diode is shown. Photodiode characteristics silicon photodiodes are semiconductor devices responsive to highenergy particles and photons. Technical information sd28 characteristics and use of. Zener diode, resistors, power supply, multi meter circuit diagram. To study iv characteristics in reverse bias and to measure variation of photocurrent as a function of reverse voltage and intensity. Photodiode characteristics and applications photodiode. To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to determine its reverse breakdown voltage. Note down the corresponding input voltage and output voltage and tabulate it.
It is the most essential and the basic building block of the electronic device. Such junctions show a pronounced rectifying behavior. The very first diode by sir thomas alva edison was a light bulb with certain modifications on it. Plot the graph in which v in at xaxis v l at yaxis. To study the reverse bias characteristic of photodiode for different intensity of incident light on it. Photo diode, voltmeter 010volt, miliammeter, variable dc source010 volt. When the photodiode is forward biased, there is an exponential increase in the current. For correct voltage regulation, we need to find out precisely what voltage should be across the zener diode.
Experiment 6, photodiode and phototransistor current measurements. Replace the procedure in experiment 3 with the following procedure 1 measure the voltage and current through a signal diode use a 1n4148 from your graymark kit these are also available in the instrument room. An experiment to measure the ivcharacteristics of a. A photodiode is a type of photodetector capable of converting light into either current or voltage, depending upon the mode of. Experiment 16 the pn junction introduction in this experiment on the physics of the pn junction, a determination is made of both the universal constant ek i. A pn junction is known as a semiconductor or crystal diode, so called because pn junction is grown out of a crystal. Iv characteristics pn junction diode reverse biasing a pn junction when the polarity of the battery is reversed, the cathode is connected to positive end of the battery and anode to negative. Performance of dc motors experiment 2 karimi lordramza. Nonideal diode iv curve and an approximation to the nonideal diode figure 3. A zener diode, a power supply with potential divider, resistance of 125 ohm, a milliammeter, a voltmeter, connecting wires, oneway key etc. The forward characteristics of a diode is non linear. A simple solar cell experiment the following experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an active area of 8. They provide a lowcost and no frill method for voltage regulation. Photodiode characteristics n iv characteristics the currentvoltage characteristic of a photodiode with no incident light is similar to a rectifying diode.
Pdf determination of commercial silicon diode 4007in. The zener diode mainly operates in reverse biased condition. It arises from the fact that the forward characteristics of real pn. The properties of a pn junction are very dependable.
The critical parameter of this type of diodes is the zener breakdown voltage. This means that the gain changes depending on the incident light wavelength. Measure and plot vi characteristics of zener diodes. Photodiodes operate by absorption of photons or charged particles and generate a flow of current in an external circuit, proportional to the. Anlage page 1 of 9 delayed feedback and chaos on the driven diodeterminated transmission line vassili demergis 1, alexander glasser2, marshal miller2, thomas m. Pn junctions consist of two semiconductor regions of opposite type. An optocoupled breakout board bob will go between my linux pc and my cnc mill controller boards. Zener breakdown voltage should be approximately close to the desired voltage.
Zener diode, power supply, dc milliammeter and dc voltmeter. You may use either of three methods to measure the vi characteristics. Connections are made as per the connection diagram. It is clear the current gain at collectoremitter voltage vce2 is greater than the current gain at vce1. A photo diode is always operated in reverse bias mode. Current vs voltage curves the current gain will also increase with increasing temperature. Zener diode is a pn junction diode specially designed to operate in the reverse biased mode. Diode applications experiment 5 linkedin slideshare. The pnjunction is the root for semiconductor diodes.
Repeat the above procedure for the forward and reverse characteristics of scr for a gate current i g i g2. Accessing pdf documents with assistive technology a. Photo diode operationvi characteristics ece tutorials. Today we will continue studying these important devices by measuring the current characteristics under various light conditions the diagram on the next slide shows a. The diode will be easier to understand if we compare the diode to another two terminal device we know and love the resistor. Feb 23, 2008 using a photodiode as part of a experiment in optocoupler. Principle behind the invention of the diode the very basic principle that paved way for invention is the unidirectional way of flow of current. The ideal diode has zero resistance for the forward bias polarity, and infinite resistance conducts zero current.
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